Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common periocular tumors in horses, specifically horses located in areas of intense sunlight or high altitude. Non-pigmented regions of the skin are susceptible to the development of this tumor.
What's really going on
The tumor may involve the eyelids, third eyelid, cornea or the tissues surrounding the eye itself. Appaloosas, color-dilute breeds, Belgians and other draft horses are particularly susceptible. A horse with an early squamous cell carcinoma lesion can be seen with a reddening, roughening or ulcerated area, along with increased tearing of the eye. The tumor soon develops into a small pink or red mass, which if left untreated, can enlarge and spread around and behind the eye, to the skull, sinuses of the skull, brain and to other parts of the body.
How a specialist helps
Squamous cell carcinoma can be diagnosed in its earliest stages by a biopsy of the lesion. Treatment and prognosis vary with the location, size, and extent of the tumor. Treatments may involve surgical removal, freezing or heating, radiation, laser ablation, immunotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination. The prognosis is usually good if the tumor is small and can be completely excised. Recommendations to minimize risk include avoiding peak sun exposure between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. and providing protection with an ultraviolet protective mask, sunscreen and fly repellent.