Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy/Degeneration

Endothelial cells in domestic animals are not able to repair themselves. If cells are lost, the remaining cells attempt to spread out to take the place of the lost cells. If the number of functional endothelial cells falls below a critical threshold, they will no longer be able to keep the entire cornea dehydrated and clear. The result is a progressive blue cloudiness that develops across the cornea.

This situation can develop due to an inherited condition in certain breeds, such as Dachshunds, Chihuahuas and Boston Terriers. In these breeds, the condition is referred to as endothelial dystrophy. Endothelial degeneration also occurs following death or damage to the endothelial cells as a secondary disease to many intraocular disorders, including severe inflammation (uveitis), elevated intraocular pressure (glaucoma) or mechanical damage due to a luxated lens.

Fluid accumulation within the cornea is not a painful condition by itself; however, this fluid can sometimes cause the formation of small water blisters in the cornea called bullae. If these bullae reach the surface of the cornea and rupture, they will leave a painful corneal ulcer.

This condition cannot be reversed with topical medications. However, treatment often begins with a topical hyperosmotic, non-irritating salt ointment, which may help to draw out the excess fluid in the cornea. Other eye medications may include anti-inflammatory drops to reduce inflammation inside of the eye. If corneal bullae and ulcer formation become a recurrent problem, we may recommend Laser Keratoplasty or Thermokeratoplasty procedures designed to create a layer of scar tissue within the cornea to stimulate healing of corneal erosion.