Coccidiomycosis / Valley Fever
Coccidiomycosis / Valley Fever
Coccidiomycosis (a.k.a. Coccidioidomycosis or "Valley Fever") is an infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides immitis, or a closely related species Coccidiodes posadassii. This fungus is commonly found in the southwestern United States, Mexico and areas of Central and South America. It is found in sandy, dry soils. The organism reproduces during periods of high rainfall and produces spores that become airborne during dry, windy conditions.
What's really going on
Coccidiomycosis can infect a wide variety of animals, including dogs, cats, and horses. Infection occurs by inhalation of fungal spores. Once inhaled, spores from this fungus can infect the lungs and then spread to other parts of the body. It can take 1 to 3 weeks from exposure to the first development of respiratory signs; however, most animals and people that are exposed never show signs of clinical disease.
Eyes: Redness, cloudiness, discharge, swelling, squinting, elevation of the third eyelid, protrusion or enlargement of the eye, and blindness may occur. Valley Fever can cause inflammation inside of the eye leading to retinal detachment and glaucoma. In up to 43% of patients, ocular disease is the only sign of infection.
Respiratory System: Coughing, increased effort to breathe or lethargy may be noticed.
Skin: Slow-healing draining and/or crusted lesions can develop.
How a specialist helps
It is important to seek an examination by a veterinarian if your pet develops any signs of the disease. Diagnosis may involve blood tests, imaging, and sometimes direct sampling from affected tissues. Treatment typically involves oral antifungal medications for an extended period. Eye-specific treatment may include anti-inflammatory eye drops and anti-glaucoma medications depending on the ocular signs present. Regular monitoring with blood work and eye examinations is essential during treatment.